movements in first-century Judaism (so Horsley). According to this construction, Paul was the great innovator who formed the Hellenistic Gentile church as a distinctive development that went far beyond the intentions of Jesus (Harnack 1924). In Bultmann’s Theology of the New Testament, for example, Jesus is identified with the Jewish sources and the beginnings of New Testament theology are identified with Paul (Bultmann 1951:3–26; see also Braun). Paul formed a literate communications system that,
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